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After injection of contrast intravenously…

• Rapid increase followed by rapid decrease of plasma Current methods of renal protection:

concentrations of contrast • Sodium bicarbonate infusion

• N-acetylcysteine
• 88% of rapid decline is due to equilibration of the contrast

material throughout the ECF • Hydration

• Reduce volume of contrast
• 12% of the decrease in contrast media concentration is due

to excretion of the contrast media by the kidneys by

glomerular filtration
Self-learning corner: Is renal protection effective

in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy?

• Merten, G. J. (2004). Prevention of contrast-induced
nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: A randomized

controlled trial. ACC Current Journal Review, 13(7), 45.

doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.07.065

• Zhang, B. (2015). The efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in
preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with pre-
• Allergic reactions existing renal insufficiency: A meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 5(3).

• Contrast nephropathy doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006989

• Lactic acidosis in patients on Metformin • Walker, T. (2009). N-Acetylcysteine Use to Prevent Contrast

• Extravasation of contrast causing skin necrosis Medium–induced Nephropathy: Premature Phase III Trials.
Yearbook of Diagnostic Radiology, 2009, 231-232.

doi:10.1016/s0098-1672(09)79293-8

Radiology Key (2018, October 30). Functional Renal Anatomy, Renal Physiology, and Contrast Media.
Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://radiologykey.com/functional-renal-anatomy-renal-
physiology-and-contrast-media-2/
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